Skip to main content
Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation
Download PDF
  • Original article
  • Open access
  • Published:

Renalase and lupus nephritis: disease activity and histopathological classification

Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation volume 45, pages 175–181 (2018)Cite this article

Abstract

Aim

To measure the level of serum renalase and to clarify its relation to lupus nephritis (LN) activity and histopathological classification.

Patients and methods

This study was carried out on 40 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), diagnosed according to systemic lupus international collaborating clinics classification criteria (SLICC) criteria, and 20 healthy controls. They were 20 patients without nephritis and 20 patients with LN (17 active and three inactive LN). Venous blood samples were taken from all participants for complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, kidney function, anti-double-stranded DNA, C3, C4, and renalase level. The serum renalase levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Assessments of protein in 24-h urine collection and protein/creatinine (P/C) ratio were done. Renal biopsies were obtained from patients with LN, with staging and activity and chronicity indices assessment. SLE disease activity was measured by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index, and LN activity was estimated by renal Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index.

Results

Renalase levels were higher in patients with LN than both patients with SLE without LN and control group. The serum renalase levels of patients with LN were positively correlated with P/C ratio, 24-h proteinuria and C3, but negatively correlated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index. For patients with active LN, there was no significant correlation between their serum renalase levels and the indicators of renal activity, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, proteinuria, P/C ratio, anti-double-stranded DNA, C3, C4, and activity index of renal biopsy. The median of renalase as a marker for diagnosis of LN was 134.65, with a cutoff value of 100 μg/ml.

Conclusion

Serum renalase may be involved in LN pathogenesis but was not a good predictor for either LN activity or various stages of LN histopathology.

References

  1. Abdou MMS, Effat DA, Mansour LA, Abd El Baky NM, Abdul Salam MM. Urinary lipoxin A4 as a biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus. Egypt Rheumatol Rehabil 2015; 42:55–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Lahita RG, Tsokos G, Buyon JP, Koike T. Systemic lupus erythematosus. 5th ed. New York: Academic Press; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Birmingham DJ, Rovin BH, Shidham G, Nagaraja HN, Zou X, Bissell M, et al. Spot urine protein/creatinine ratios are unreliable estimates of 24 h proteinuria in most systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis flares. J Kid Int 2007; 72:865–870.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Hill GS, Delahousse M, Nochy D, Tomkiewicz E, Rémy P, Mignon F,et al. A new morphologic index for the evaluation of renal biopsies in lupus nephritis. J Kid Int 2000; 58: 1160–1173.

  5. Fadda SH, Abd Elazeem MI, Mohammed RA, Hasan HM. Significance of antibodies to ribosomal P proteins in lupus nephritis patients and their relation to disease activity: clinical and laboratory study. Egypt Rheumatol Rehabil 2017; 44:130–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Dooley MA. Clinical and laboratory features of lupus nephritis. In: Wallace DJ, Hahn BH, editors. Dubois’ lupus erythematosus. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2007. 1112–1130

  7. Xu J, Li G, Wang P, Velazquez H, Yao X, Li Y, et al. Renalase is a novel, soluble monoamine oxidase that regulates cardiac function and blood pressure. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:1275–1280.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Qi C, Wang L, Zhang M, Shao X, Chang X, Fan Z, et al. Serum renalase levels correlate with disease activity in lupus nephritis. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0139627.

  9. Petri M, Orbai AM, Alarcón GS, Gordon C, Merrill JT, Fortin PR, et al. Derivation and validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. J Arthritis Rheum 2012; 64:2677–2686.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Bombardier C, Gladman DD, Urowitz MB, Caron D, Chang CH. Derivation of the SLEDAI. A disease activity index for lupus patients. The Committee on Prognosis Studies in SLE. J Arthritis Rheum 1992; 35:630–640.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Weening JJ, D’Agati VD, Schwartz MM, Seshan SV, Alpers CE, Appel GB, et al. The classification of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus revisited. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15:241–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Almaani S, Meara A, Rovin BH. Update on lupus nephritis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017; 12:825–835. doi: 10.2215/CJN.05780616. Epub 2016 Nov.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Xue J, Yang J, Yang L, Zhou S, Ji C, Wang X, et al. Dickkopf-1 is a biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus and active lupus nephritis. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:6861575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Mollnes TE, Haga HJ, Brun JG, Nielsen EW, Sjoholm A, Sturfeldt G, et al. Complement activation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus without nephritis. Rheumatology (Ox-ford) 1999; 38:933–940.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Marto N, Bertolaccini ML, Calabuig E, Hughes GRV, Khamashta MA. Anti-C1q antibodies in nephritis: correlation between titres and renal disease activity and positive predictive value in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64:444–448.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Somers EC, Marder W, Cagnoli P, Lewis EE, DeGuire P, Gordon C, et al. Population-based incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus: the Michigan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance program. J Arthritis Rheum 2014; 66:369–378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lee HT, Kim JY, Kim M, Wang P, Tang L, Baroni S, et al. Renalase protects against ischemic AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:445–455.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Malyszko J, Zbroch E, Malyszko JS, Koc-Zorawska E, Mysliwiec M. Renalase, a novel regulator of blood pressure, is predicted by kidney function in renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:3004–3007.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Quelhas-Santos J,Sampaio-Maia B, Simões-Silva L, Serrão P, Fernandes-Cerqueira C, Soares-Silva I, et al. Sodium-dependent modulation of systemic and urinary renalase expression and activity in the rat remnant kidney. J Hypertens 2013; 31:543–552.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Wu Y, Xu J, Velazquez H, Wang P, Li G, Liu D, et al. Renalase deficiency aggravates ischemic myocardial damage. J Kidney Int 2011; 79:853–860.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. West JD, Marnett LJ. Alterations in gene expression induced by the lipid peroxidation product, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Chem Res Toxicol 2005; 18:1642–1653.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Wang L, Velazquez H, Moeckel G, Chang J, Ham A, Lee HT, et al. Renalase prevents AKI independent of amine oxidase activity. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:1226–1235.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Schlaich M, Socratous F, Eikelis N, Chopra R, Lambert G, Hennebry S. Renalase plasma levels are associated with systolic blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension. J Hypertens 2010; 28:e437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Desir GV, Tang L, Wang P, Li G, Sampaio Maia B, Quelhas-Santos J, et al. Renalase lowers ambulatory blood pressure by metabolizing circulating catecholamines. J Am Heart Assoc 2012; 1:e002634.

  25. Fedchenko V, Globa A, Buneeva O, Medvedev A. Renalase mRNA levels in the brain, heart, and kidneys of spontaneously hypertensive rats with moderate and high hypertension. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2013; 19:267–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Zbroch E, Malyszko J, Malyszko JS, Koc-Zorawska E, Mysliwiec M. Renalase, a novel enzyme involved in blood pressure regulation, is related to kidney function but not to blood pressure in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Blood Press Res 2012; 35:395–399.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13511, Egypt

    Marwa Y. Mahgoub MD, Ali I. Foda & Ahmed Y. Elshambaky

  2. Departments of Clinical Pathology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt

    Amira M. N. Abdelrahman & Sarah N. Nasif

  3. Departments of Department of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Tokh Central Hospital, Tokh, Egypt

    Rania G. El Sayed

Authors
  1. Marwa Y. Mahgoub MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ali I. Foda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ahmed Y. Elshambaky
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Amira M. N. Abdelrahman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sarah N. Nasif
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Rania G. El Sayed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marwa Y. Mahgoub MD.

Additional information

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work noncommercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Rights and permissions

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mahgoub, M.Y., Foda, A.I., Elshambaky, A.Y. et al. Renalase and lupus nephritis: disease activity and histopathological classification. Egypt Rheumatol Rehabil 45, 175–181 (2018). https://doi.org/10.4103/err.err_24_18

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/err.err_24_18

Keywords