Table 4 Comparison between the different studied groups according to WOMAC

Pain

Median (min–max)

9 (4–15)

4 (1–6)

10.5 (4–15)

4 (0–6)

12 (5–17)

5 (1–13)

14 (10–16)

6.5 (3–12)

z (p₀)

3.929^* (< 0.001^*)

3.929^* (< 0.001^*)

3.927^* (< 0.001^*)

3.931^* (< 0.001^*)

Mean difference

6.15 ± 2.35

6.85 ± 2.87

6.55 ± 2.67

6.15 ± 2.39

1.059

0.787

Percentage of change

63.32 ± 12.71

64.75 ± 13.39

57.71 ± 16.93

45.74 ± 17.2

13.361^*

0.004^*

Sig. bet. groups

p₁₌1.000, p₂ = 1.000, p₃ = 0.002^*, p₄ = 0.185, p₅ = 0.001^*, p₆ = 0.061

Stiffness

Median (min–max)

4 (2–7)

2 (0–4)

5 (1–6)

2 (0–3)

5 (1–7)

2 (0–5)

6 (2–8)

2 (1–5)

z (p₀)

3.963^* (< 0.001^*)

4.025^* (< 0.001^*)

3.660^* (< 0.001^*)

3.955^* (< 0.001^*)

Mean difference

2.55 ± 1.19

2.90 ± 0.85

2.70 ± 1.53

3.05 ± 1.10

3.429

0.33

Percentage of change

60.23 ± 14.87

64.75 ± 12.45

53.10 ± 28.35

54.21 ± 16.76

3.272

0.352

Physical function

Median (min–max)

23 (14–48)

11 (3–18)

29 (16–46)

12 (2–25)

32.5 (14–48)

16 (8–34)

37 (24–57)

19 (7–40)

z (p₀)

3.925^* (< 0.001^*)

3.924^* (< 0.001^*)

3.925^* (< 0.001^*)

3.924^* (< 0.001^*)

Mean difference

16.15 ± 9.04

15.9 ± 5.63

14.5 ± 5.22

15 ± 5.91

0.619

0.892

Percentage of change

57.79 ± 13.29

55.17 ± 13.92

46.04 ± 13.04

42.41 ± 16.41

14.064^*

0.003^*

Sig. bet. groups

p₁ = 0.483, p₂ = 0.017^*, p₃ = 0.001^*, p₄ = 0.090, p₅ = 0.008^*, p₆ = 0.344

Total score (mean ± SD)

40.8 ± 12.94

15.95 ± 5.63

43.7 ± 9.73

18.05 ± 6.41

48.45 ± 13.7

24.7 ± 11

55.35 ± 8.9

31.15 ± 11.7

t (p₀)

9.270^* (< 0.001^*)

13.428^* (< 0.001^*)

13.678^* (< 0.001^*)

12.375^* (< 0.001^*)

Mean difference

24.85 ± 11.99

25.65 ± 8.54

23.75 ± 7.77

24.20 ± 8.75

0.765

0.858

Percentage of change

24.85 ± 11.99

25.65 ± 8.54

23.75 ± 7.77

24.20 ± 8.75

13.586^*

0.004^*

Sig. bet. groups

p₁ = 0.688, p₂ = 0.025*, p₃ = 0.002^*, p₄ = 0.067, p₅ = 0.006^*, p₆ = 0.348