The effect of combined balance and strength exercise program in patients with different grades of primary knee osteoarthritis

Abdel-Fattah, Yousra Hisham; Abdel Hamid, Mowaffak Moustafa; Metawaa, Sara Ibraheem Mohamed Seleem; Eltawab, Sarah Sayed

doi:10.1186/s43166-023-00220-x

Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation

Table 2 Comparison between the different studied groups according to demographic data, anthropometric measurements, and disease characteristics

From: The effect of combined balance and strength exercise program in patients with different grades of primary knee osteoarthritis

		Group 1 (n = 20)		Group 2 (n = 20)		Group 3 (n = 20)		Group 4 (n = 20)		Test of sig	P
		No	%	No	%	No	%	No	%	Test of sig	P
Sex
Female	19		95	19	95	20	100	20	100	χ² = 2.162	^MCp = 1.000
Male	1		5	1	5	0	0	0	0	χ² = 2.162	^MCp = 1.000
Mean age (years)	49.25 ± 6.98			48.65 ± 6.43		54.85 ± 7.62		60.15 ± 3		F = 14.821^*	< 0.001^*
Sig. between groups	p₁ = 0.99, p₂ = 0.030^, p₃ < 0.001^, p₄ = 0.013^, p₅ < 0.001^, p₆ = 0.044^*
Mean BMI (kg/m²)	29.43 ± 3.39			31.21 ± 3.99		30.27 ± 4.21		34.39 ± 5.01		F = 5.351	0.002^*
Sig. bet. grps	p₁ = 0.538, p₂ = 921, p₃ = 0.002^, p₄ = ,0.893 p₅ = 0.086, p₆ = 0.014^
Median duration of symptoms (years)	2 (0.25–5)			4 (0.17–10)		5 (2–12)		9 (2–12)		H = 38.423^*	< 0.001^*
Sig. between groups	p₁ = 0.008^, p₂ < 0.001^, p₃ < 0.001^, p₄ = 0.259, p₅ = 0.001^, p₆ = 0.021^*
Fall history
No	16		80	14	70	11	55	5	25	χ² = 15.787^*	^MCp = 0.007^*
Due to the knee giving way	4		20	6	30	7	35	11	55
While walking	0		0	0	0	2	10	4	20
Sig. between groups	p₁ = 0.465, ^MCp₂ = 0.23, ^MCp₃ = 0.001^, ^MCp₄ = 0.45, ^MCp₅ = 0.005^, ^MCp₆ = 0.141
Sense of insecure walking
Absent		7	35	0	0	0	0	1	5	χ² = 13.782^*	^MCp = 0.001^*
Present		13	65	20	100	20	100	19	95	χ² = 13.782^*	^MCp = 0.001^*
Sig. between groups		^FEp₁ = 0.008^, ^FEp₂ = 0.008^, ^FEp₃ = 0.044^*, p₅ = 1.000, ^FEp₆ = 1.000
Number of falls in the last year
Non-fallers		16	80	14	70	11	55	5	25	χ² = 16.086^*	^MCp = 0.006^*
1-Time fallers		1	5	1	5	0	0	3	15
Frequent fallers		3	15	5	25	9	45	12	60
Sig. between groups		^MCp₁ = 0.846, ^MCp₂ = 0.089, ^MCp₃ = 0.001^, ^MCp₄ = 0.328, p₅ = 0.015^, ^MCp₆ = 0.056
Wasting
Absent		19	95	13	65	10	50	6	30	χ² = 18.75^*	< 0.001^*
Present		1	5	7	35	10	50	14	70	χ² = 18.75^*	< 0.001^*
Sig. between groups		^FEp₁ = 0.044^, p₂ = 0.001^, p₃ < 0.001^, p₄ = 0.337, p₅ = 0.027^, p₆ = 0.333
Tenderness
No		20	100	18	90	17	85	10	50	χ² = 16.568^*	^MCp < 0.001^*
Yes		0	0	2	10	3	15	10	50	χ² = 16.568^*	^MCp < 0.001^*
Sig. between groups		^FEp₁ = 0.487, ^FEp₂ = 0.231, p₃ < 0.001^, ^FEp₄ = 1.000, p₅ = 0.006^, p₆ = 0.018^*
Effusion
No		20	100	19	95	18	90	13	65	χ² = 10.782^*	^MCp = 0.007^*
Yes		0	0	1	5	2	10	7	35	χ² = 10.782^*	^MCp = 0.007^*
Sig. between groups		^FEp₁ = 1.000, ^FEp₂ = 0.487, ^FEp₃ = 0.008^,^FEp₄ = 1.000, ^FEp₅ = 0.044^, ^FEp₆ = 0.127

H Kruskal–Wallis test, F ANOVA test, t paired t test, χ² chi-square test, MC Monte Carlo correction, Sig. significance, BMI body mass index
p: p value for comparing between the studied groups
p₁: p value for comparing between group 1 and group 2
p₂: p value for comparing between group 1 and group 3
p₃: p value for comparing between group 1 and group 4
p₄: p value for comparing between group 2 and group 3
p₅: p value for comparing between group 2 and group 4
p₆: p value for comparing between group 3 and group 4
^*Statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05

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