Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of both groups
From: Assessment of symptoms of the post-COVID-19 syndrome in patients with different rheumatic diseases
Parameter mean ± SD or n (%) | Case group (n = 68) | Control group (n = 80) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 43.19 ± 8.051 | 43.26 ± 7.67 | 0.7971 |
Females: males | 40:28 (1.42:1) | 43:37(1.16:1) | 0.4232 |
Disease duration (years) | 5.1 ± 2.382 | - | − |
Smoking | 31(45.6) | 30 (37) | 0.0612 |
Steroids use | 50 (73.52) | - | - |
Biologics use | 16 (23.5) | - | - |
Stop DMARDs (acute infection) | 7 (10.29) | Â | Â |
Hospitalization: Yes | 24 (35.29) | 12 (15) | 0.0022 |
 No | 44 (64.7) | 68 (45.9) |  |
COVID-19 vaccinated | 41 (60.29) | 68 (85) | 0.001 |
COVID-19 vaccination doses | |||
 Single dose | 16 (39.1) | 19 (27.94) | 0.23 |
 Two doses | 25 (60.9) | 49 (72.06) |  |
Post-COVID-19 symptoms: | |||
 Cough | 22 (32.4) | 13 (16.3) | 0.0222 |
 Dyspnea | 30 (44.1) | 22 (27.5) | 0.0352 |
 Weakness | 23 (33.8) | 11 (13.8) | 0.0042 |
 Fatigue | 47 (69.1) | 33 (41.25) | 0.0012 |
 Attention problems | 39 (57.4) | 32 (40) | 0.0352 |
 Myalgia | 50 (73.5) | 30 (37.5) | 0.00012 |
 Headache | 15 (22.1) | 9 (11.3) | 0.0752 |
 Paresthesia | 23 (33.8) | 16 (20) | 0.0372 |
 Anosmia | 6 (8.8) | 3 (3.8) | 0.1982 |
Post-COVID-19 syndrome | |||
 1–3 symptoms | 27 (41.2) | 59 (81.9) | 0.00012 |
  ≥ 4 symptoms | 38 (58.5) | 13 (18.1) |  |
 No symptoms | 3 (4.41) | 8 (10) |  |
FSS score | 35.46 ± 13.14 | 25.1 ± 7.587 | 0.00011 |
 Fatigue (in FSS) | 31 (45.6) | 19 (23.8) | 0.0052 |
SF-MPQ-2 | 21.66 ± 10.32 | 11.6 ± 3.433 | 0.031 |
PCFS: grade 1 | 16 (23.5) | 47 (58.8) | 0.00012 |
 Grade 2 | 17 (25) | 17 (21.3) |  |
 Grade 3 | 23 (33.8) | 9 (11.3) |  |
 Grade 4 | 12 (17.6) | 7 (8.8) |  |
HADS (Anxiety) | 12.49 ± 3.509 | 9.99 ± 2.297 | 0.00011 |
 Normal | 8 (11.8) | 16 (20) | 0.0232 |
 Borderline | 20 (29.4) | 35 (43.8) |  |
 Abnormal | 40 (58.8) | 29 (36.3) |  |
HADS (Depression) | 12.46 ± 3.418 | 10.39 ± 2.410 | 0.00011 |
 Normal | 8 (11.8) | 12 (15) | 0.0032 |
 Borderline | 20 (29.4) | 43 (53.8) |  |
 Abnormal | 40 (58.8) | 25 (31.3) |  |
MMSE score | 21.44 ± 3.284 | 24.26 ± 1.447 | 0.00011 |
 Normal | 20 (29.4) | 63 (78.8) | 0.00012 |
 Mild impairment | 36 (52.9) | 17 (21.3) |  |
 Severe impairment | 12 (17.6) | 0 |  |