Table 4 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for the parameters predict P-DR in the studied 60 diabetic patients

Neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio

0.001^*

4.347 (1.781–10.608)

0.015^*

3.312 (1.262–8.696)

Male

0.516

1.424 (0.491–4.129)

Female

0.516

0.702 (0.242–2.038)

Age (years)

0.014^*

1.097 (1.019–1.180)

0.102

1.098 (0.982–1.227)

Smoking

0.019^*

7.105 (1.383–36.497)

0.315

2.644 (0.396–17.639)

BMI (kg/m²)

0.123

1.076 (0.980–1.180)

Duration (years)

0.020^*

1.108 (1.016–1.209)

0.696

0.971 (0.837–1.127)

PN

0.003^*

8.333 (2.089–33.243)

0.890

0.864 (0.109–6.867)

HbA1C blood level

0.006^*

1.746 (1.175–2.594)

0.121

1.612 (0.881–2.950)