Table 1 Key clinical questions for treating to target lupus nephritis with pregnancy
Domain | Key clinical questions |
|---|---|
1. Pregnancy planning | - Is it possible for LN patients to have a successful pregnancy? - When it is the right time to conceive and what should you do before becoming pregnant? |
2. Preconception evaluation | - What are the parameters to be assessed before the pregnancy in patients with lupus nephritis? |
3. Pregnancy counselling | - What is the Influence of pregnancy on SLE with nephritis? - How can you identify the symptoms of SLE/LN flare during pregnancy? |
4. Pregnancy | How pregnancy lupus patients with nephritis are monitored? - First Trimester - Second Trimester - Third Trimester |
5. Patient’s care: | |
 Antepartum care | How to set up a multidisciplinary team for patient’s care during pregnancy? |
 Delivery | - What is the most appropriate method of delivery? - Is it possible for lupus patients to have a normal vaginal delivery? |
 Post-partum and lactation | - What should mothers with lupus nephritis do after the delivery of the baby? - Is it possible for a mother with lupus/LN to breastfeed her baby? |
6. Pregnancy outcomes | What is the influence of SLE with nephritis on pregnancy? - Maternal outcomes - Foetal outcomes - Neonatal outcomes - What are the biomarkers predictive of pregnancy outcomes? |
7. Antiphospholipid syndrome | What is the Influence of secondary APS on LN pregnancy? |
8. Medications | - Which lupus medications can be safely used during pregnancy? - What is the Influence of SLE/LN-related medication? |
9. Supplement therapy | - What is the most important supplement therapy to be considered for LN patients during pregnancy? |
10. Shared decision-making | - What is the role of shared decision making in the management of LN during pregnancy? |