Table 1 Patients’ characteristics at conception according to the occurrence of adverse outcomes
From: Risk assessment score for adverse pregnancy outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Characteristics | All SLE patients (n = 116) | With adverse outcomes n = 62 (53.4%) | Without adverse outcomes n = 54 (46.6%) | Test P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
no. | % | no. | % | no. | % | |||
Age at onset | 23.35 ± 3.45 | 23.14 ± 2.97 | 23.59 ± 3.91 | t = 0.703 | 0.483a | |||
Age at conception | 26.7 ± 3.54 | 26.4 ± 3.52 | 26.81 ± 3.67 | t = 0.613 | 0.54a | |||
Disease duration | 3 (0–16) | 3 (0–16) | 2 (1–13) | U = 1.604 | 0.46b | |||
Gestational age at delivery | 38.09 ± 1.3 | 37.77 ± 1.56 | 38.46 ± 0.79 | t = 3.05 | 0.003*a | |||
Comorbidities | ||||||||
Preexisted hypertension | 21 | 18.1 | 15 | 24.2 | 6 | 11.1 | 5.1 | 0.02*c |
Pulmonary hypertension | 5 | 4.3 | 4 | 6.45 | 1 | 1.9 | f | 0.37d |
Diabetes mellitus | 8 | 6.89 | 5 | 8.1 | 3 | 5.6 | f | 0.72c |
Dyslipidemia | 24 | 20.7 | 16 | 25.8 | 8 | 14.8 | 2.125 | 0.145c |
Prior complications | ||||||||
Maternal | 3 | 2.6 | 3 | 4.84 | 0 | 0 | f | 0.24d |
Fetal | 23 | 19.8 | 18 | 29.03 | 5 | 9.3 | 7.1 | 0.007*c |
Preexisted lupus nephritis | 46 | 39.7 | 41 | 64.5 | 5 | 9.3 | 39.1 | 0.000*c |
Absence of remission for at least 6 months at conception | 55 | 47.41 | 40 | 64.51 | 15 | 27.77 | 15.01 | 0.0001*c |
Active disease at conception | 38 | 32.8 | 36 | 58.1 | 2 | 3.7 | f | 0.000*d |
Clinical data of SLE patients | ||||||||
Rash | 51 | 43.96 | 31 | 50.0 | 20 | 37.03 | 1.96 | 0.16c |
Photosensitivity | 21 | 18.1 | 14 | 22.58 | 7 | 12.96 | 1.8 | 0.17c |
Arthritis | 29 | 25 | 18 | 29.03 | 11 | 20.37 | 1.15 | 0.28c |
Oral ulcer | 19 | 16.37 | 13 | 20.97 | 6 | 11.1 | 2.04 | 0.15c |
Hair falling | 18 | 15.52 | 12 | 19.4 | 6 | 11.1 | 1.496 | 0.221c |
Raynaud’s phenomenon | 20 | 17.24 | 8 | 12.9 | 12 | 46.3 | 1.75 | 0.185c |
Seizer | 4 | 3.4 | 3 | 4.8 | 1 | 1.9 | f | 0.62d |
Psychosis | 8 | 6.89 | 5 | 8.1 | 3 | 5.6 | f | 0.722d |
Fever | 6 | 5.17 | 4 | 6.45 | 2 | 3.7 | f | 0.68d |
Vasculitis | 7 | 6.03 | 5 | 8.1 | 2 | 3.7 | f | 0.44d |
Pericarditis | 5 | 4.3 | 4 | 6.45 | 1 | 1.9 | f | 0.37d |
Pleuritis | 4 | 3.4 | 2 | 3.2 | 2 | 3.7 | f | 0.99d |
Prior thrombotic events | 5 | 4.3 | 5 | 8.1 | 0 | 0 | f | 0.06d |
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome | 40 | 34.48 | 33 | 53.23 | 7 | 12.96 | 20.7 | 0.0001*c |
SLEDAI-2K at conception | 2 (0–44) | 5.5 (0–44) | 1 (0–14) | U = 5.35 | 0.000*b | |||
SLEDAI-2K during pregnancy | 3.8 (0–16.6) | 4.8 (0–15.6) | 3 (0–16.6) | U = 2.21 | 0.0026*b | |||
SLEDAI-2k postpartum | 5 (0–24) | 8 (0–24) | 3 (0–22) | U = 4.41 | 0.000*b | |||
Treatment | ||||||||
Prednisone | 68 | 58.6 | 39 | 62.9 | 29 | 53.7 | 1.01 | 0.32c |
Prednisone ≥ 20 | 22 | 18.96 | 16 | 25.8 | 6 | 11.1 | 4.1 | 0.04*c |
Prednisone < 20 | 46 | 39.6 | 26 | 41.9 | 30 | 55.5 | 2.7 | 0.09c |
Azathioprine | 32 | 27.6 | 13 | 20.96 | 19 | 35.2 | 2.9 | 0. 08c |
Hydroxychloroquine | 41 | 35.3 | 17 | 27.4 | 24 | 44.4 | 3.7 | 0.06*c |
Low-molecular-weight heparin | 17 | 14.7 | 5 | 8.1 | 12 | 22.2 | 4.6 | 0.03*c |
Low dose aspirin | 19 | 16.4 | 9 | 14.51 | 10 | 18.51 | 0.337 | 0.56c |
Anti-hypertension | 10 | 8.6 | 4 | 6.4 | 6 | 11.1 | f | 0.51d |