Table 3 Univariate Cox regression for demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics and type of treatment for SLE patients admitted to ICU during 1-year follow-up

Age

Admitted

27.95 ± 8.98

1.03

0.86

1.36

Not admitted

30.04 ± 6.64

Sex

Female

18/91 (20%)

0.595

0.202

1.760

Male

4/12 (33%)

Ref

Smoking

Yes

0/7

0.044

0.000

48.310

No

22/96 (23%)

Ref

Disease duration

Admitted

4.96 ± 2.86

1.17

0.966

1.425

Not admitted

4.06 ± 1.58

Oral ulcer

Yes

1/21 (5%)

0.170

0.023

1.263

No

21/82 (26%)

Ref

Proteinuria > 0.5 g

Yes

17/65 (26%)

2.071

0.764

5.613

No

5/38 (13%)

Ref

Seizure

Yes

2/11 (18%)

0.816

0.191

3.493

No

20/92 (22%)

Ref

Lupus headache

Yes

7/15 (47%)

3.8

1.5

9

No

15/88 (17%)

Ref

CVA

Yes

0/13

0.039

0.000

7.545

No

22/100 (22%)

Ref

Fever > 38

Yes

7/17 (41%)

3

1.2

7.2

No

15/86 (17%)

Ref

Hypertension

Yes

16/69 (23%)

1.367

0.535

3.5

No

6/34 (18%)

Ref

DM

Yes

1/20 (5%)

0.177

0.024

1.32

No

21/83 (25%)

Ref

CVD

Yes

0/15

0.038

0.000

5.25

No

22/88 (25%)

Ref

Renal failure

Yes

5/6 (83%)

5.8

2.1

16

No

17/97 (17.5%)

Ref

Hemolytic anemia

Yes

2/18 (11%)

0.457

0.107

1.954

No

20/85 (23.5%)

Ref

Leuckopenia < 4000

Yes

11/22 (50%)

4.7

2

10.8

No

11/81 (13.5%)

Ref

Thrombocytopenia

Yes

9/31 (29%)

1.764

0.754

4.129

No

13/72 (18%)

Ref

Anti-dsDNA

Yes

20/74 (27%)

0.431

0.186

0.999

No

2/29 (6.8%)

Ref

HypoC3

Yes

4/41 (10%)

0.372

0.126

1.100

No

18/62 (29%)

Ref

HypoC4

Yes

2/37 (5%)

0.16

0.037

0.675

No

20/66 (30%)

Ref

ESR

Abnormal

21/75 (28%)

8.6

1.2

64.3

Normal

1/38 (4%)

Ref

CRP

Abnormal

15/23 (65%)

80

10.7

596.6

Normal

7/80 (9%)

Ref

Serum creatinine

Abnormal

15/47 (32%)

3

1.1

7

Normal

7 (12.5%)

Red cell cast

Yes

9/17 (53%)

4

1.6

9

No

13/86 (15%)

RBCs > 5/HPFurine

Yes

9/16 (56%)

4.9

1.95

11

No

13/87 (15%)

WBC > 5/HPF urine

Yes

8/11 (73%)

6.5

2.7

15.8

No

14/92 (15%)

SLEDAI

Admission

25 ± 12

1.089

1.046

1.135

Non admission

16 ± 8

SLICC Damage Index

Admission

7.5 ± 4.6

1.312

1.183

1.455

Non admission

3.7 ± 2

Azathioprine

Yes

2/53 (4%)

0.077

0.018

0.33

No

20/50 (40%)

Ref

Cyclophosphamide

Yes

4/22 (18%)

0.79

0.27

2.34

No

18/81 (22%)

Ref

Chloroquine

Yes

11/81 (14%)

0.2

0.097

0.52

No

11/22 (50%)

Ref

Mycophenolate mofetil

Yes

8/20 (40%)

2.73

1.14

6.5

No

14/83 (17%)

Ref

Cyclosporine

Yes

3/5 (60%)

3.5

1.04

12

No

19/98 (19%)

Ref