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Table 2 Causes of osteonecrosis [1]

From: A case of completed course multifocal osteonecrosis (MFON) during pregnancy due to primary antiphospholipid syndrome

Non-rheumatological causes

Rheumatological causes

1. Corticosteroid use.

1. SLE.

2. Trauma.

2. Sjogren syndrome.

3. Inflammatory bowel disease.

3. Alcohol intake.

4. Gauchers disease.

4. Systemic sclerosis.

5. Sickle cell anemia.

5. Antiphospholipid syndrome.

6. HIV infection.

7. Caison disease.

8. Thrombophilic disorders.