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Table 2 Relations between the flat foot, demographic, and clinical findings among the studied children

From: Prevalence of lower limb deformities among primary school students

Variable

FF (no.=707)

No FF (no.=3982)

Test

P

No.

%

No.

%

Age (years)

Mean ± SD (range)

7.79±1.64 (6–12)

8.61±1.71 (6–12)

t=11.41

<0.001 (HS)

Sex

Female

298

42.15

2108

52.94

χ2=27.97

<0.001 (HS)

Male

409

57.85

1874

47.06

Residence

Rural

270

38.19

2036

51.13

χ2=40.23

<0.001 (HS)

Urban

437

61.81

1946

48.87

MUS pain

No

596

596

3970

99.70

χ2=557.36

<0.001 (HS)

Yes

111

15.70

12

0.30

Weight (kg)

Mean ± SD (range)

33.99±8.61 (18.5–85)

32.23±10.01 (18–85)

t=4.24

<0.001 (HS)

Height (cm)

Mean ± SD (range)

130.8±10.2 (112–154)

134.61±11.07 (110–160)

t=8.23

<0.001 (HS)

BMI (kg/m2)

Underweight (<5th percentile)

17

2.40

77

1.93

χ2=473.16

<0.001 (HS)

Normal weight (5–<85th percentile)

402

56.86

3443

86.46

Overweight (85–<95th percentile)

116

16.41

306

7.68

Obese (≥95th percentile)

172

24.33

156

3.92

  1. FF flat foot, SD standard deviation, MUS musculoskeletal, kg kilogram, cm centimeter, BMI body mass index, kg/m2 kilograms per square meter, P-value ≤0.001 highly significant